There are approximately 30,000 Australian service members unaccounted for from previous conflicts including from World War I and World War II. The Australian Army’s Unrecovered War Casualties team (UWC-A) are continually investigating the fate of those who fought for Australia, and identification requires a comprehensive collaboration of scientific expertise, historical records, volunteers, family descendants and DNA analyses. Funded by a Department of Defence, Innovation Hub contract, we will assist these investigations through establishing a DNA biobank in Australia designed to aid in identifying recovered historical military remains. Our first focus is to develop family trees for around 500 missing soldiers who were selected based on their proximity to recovered remains. These pedigrees were and are continuing to be established by our Genealogist and involve extensive searches to establish accurate family trees, using information from records such as Birth, Death & Marriages, State Archive records, Military records, newspaper articles, electoral rolls, etc. The pedigrees are used to identify relatives alive today to develop a family DNA biobank that can potentially improve the accuracy, reliability, and time required for the identification of recovered remains. For each pedigree we are focusing on obtaining a saliva sample from two maternal and two paternal genetic relatives to establish the biobank of approximately 2000 DNA samples. Initially, samples will be used to generate mitochondrial DNA haplotypes (maternal relatives) and Y-Chromosomal short tandem repeat (STR) profiles using Y-Filer Plus (paternal relatives) for comparison against DNA profiles obtained from recovered historical military remains. This database will have significant future utility for DNA profile comparisons to aid in identifying the remains of missing servicepersons. The biobank and DNA profiling results will complement the existing family reference DNA data established by Defence and will continue to grow as required to support the identification of remains yet to be recovered.